VK7 Centenary Documents

QRM 3 June1973

1970sDocument1973QRM Vol 3

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                    BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE NORTHERY                    )                 P.0,B0X 1010
                    LRANCHES OF THE WIRELESS INSTITUTE -                                 LAUNCESTON
                    OF AUSTRALIA TAS, DIVISION                                           TAS 7250

                    JUNE, 1973
                    VoL, 3 NO, 3
                                    e   eee e    e     ee



                    REGISTERED AT G.P.0O. HOBART
                    for transmission by post as
                    a veriodical, CATEGORY B.                                                 "PRICE 10¢


                    LETTER TO THE EDITOR

                                                DO YOU KNOW OSCAR,

                         In case you don't -~ and judeging by the scarcity of publicity you prebably
                    don't - Oscar 6 is an amatcur satellitc c1rclin« the carth cvery 115 minutes and
                    capable to rcsnonding to signals trensrittedto 1’c cn a band of frecquencies
                    “botween 145,9 Mhz and 146,00 Yhz,        It rctron.aits the rcccived signals between
                     2,45 and 29,55 Mhz, -In. fact it is amatcur ccrmunication via satellite - the
                     first really successful satcllite tc bc uscd by amatcurs,  This is rcally scrncthing
                    ncw, cxeiting and different - so what the hcll is wreng,
                          Firstly, there hasn't been enough back up nublicity given to times of passcs
                     'm’ cens.quently fer toc many anateurs don't know when tc listen,  Secendly one
                     canpot rcly on Oscar being on duc to insufficicnt contrel, low battery powecr cte,
                     Thus nany amnatcurs who werc intcrested have dropred out 'm(‘ Oscar is orbiting
                     awvey awaitir g custemers,
                    Jow, WHAT CAN WE DO. Plenty! - Give Oscer rore publlclt;yas does QST and Radic
                    . Communicaticns,   Publicise details of QSO's and call signs c¢f stations active,
                    Give times of nasses in table form such as 7PF is deing in CRM.,  Try to assunc
                    that Oscar will be operating regularly on certain days and adhere tc this, Tell
=- )




                    cveryone thet it is casy to copcrate through Oscar any decent recciver tuning
                    throuzh 2,5 Mhz and any cld aerial such as a dipole will receive signals, A
                    rediun powered transritter is CX just rctunc tc 145.9, You den't need SST or arility
  (¥




                     te 0SY,   It will responcd to CW, SEE or AM,                                          ‘
                          Give the gang scre incentive to go leoking for Oscar, In eny sport or hcbby
                    you rwst promote corpetition, Why not a WAS ccrtificate via satellitc, Now is the
                    tirc, H,F. bonds arc gctting worse daily with declining sunspots, VHF types are
                    noinly working repcaters which dees net present any challenge, Ackivity could
                    c2sily lag yet here we arc with an entirely ncw concept in comamication - cne with
                    wvhich we will cventually bc able to cormmmicate world wide,
                          Rererber its not the scientists arongst us thet will'kcep ham radio geing
                    it s thc operators - so let's get operating — Satellite coirmmication is herc to
                    staY - fct started NOW]
                                                         SN   HFRIANHHHHWRK

                                                                                      COL VKTLZ
                                                              MEE T IV          68
                         v




                                                                               ULVERSTCNE
                         '

                                                       A AT LAKIN'S HALL
                                       NORTH WESTERY BRAVCH             IAL
                         E                                    ROOMS HIGH    STREET, LAUN CES‘I(;NR
                     gg};m gglz        NORTHERY BRAVCH A,E,B,
                                                                      ATUAL CCOVENTION IN MT, GAMBIER
                     JUNE 9th and 10th SCUTH EAST RADIC GROUP OF S,4,
       (AP HPNE(]




                                                       RDAY MORTINGS AT KINGS MEAD     OWS HIGH SCHOOL
                     Y208 CLASSES NOW 2nd and Ath SATU
                BULLETIN OF NORTHERN BRAICHES W,I,A. TAS,                    JUNE,       107%

                                                                             PAGE 2
                                                                              rlf    ¢     & 5y


NORTHERN BRINCH NOTES                          s                  R T R R     5      3            B




     C.R.M. can be likcned as to a naper disposal unit - just as one edition goecs t
to print your Editor is looking for morc copy and when news is scarce this can be
embarrassing to all concerncd,   The last branch mceting saw an attendance 31,
ably chaircd as mwsual by Pcter 7PF, attendencc was about average and must surecly
rcfleet continuing intercst in the Branch., Do keep up this fine cffort - it is
rostenpreciatcd by your cormittee,     Two items of major interest were brought up.,
Firstly Peter 7PF gave us thc latest rundown on the repeater frecuency change,
     Peter Dowd 7PD proposcd thata lctter by sent to Council rcoucsting that
screone be opted as State W.I.C,E. 1\1 co--ordinator and that said perscn investigate
the future and or maintenance of State W,I,C.EN, group and alsc ascertain the
availability of equipment and »nersonnel for W,I,C,E.N, »nurposes and informaticn
on W.I,C.EN, activitics in othcr Statcs, Phewi What a routhful,. Anyway the
nroposal has boen forwarded to Division end no doubt when thet hard wor-in - group
zct the tirme to deal with it we will get the answers,
     Next Branch mceting will be on Junc 8th, '73 at thc A.E,B, rooms at High
Street - following general busincess the evening will be given over to a- #FUNK -SALE!
. But this is a sale with a differcnce, A1l items tc be sold will be donaticns
frem you (Gentlemen) to the Club Room Account Fund,
      Last tire this happencd John 7JV reported that $70,00 was raised -~ he reckons
he is looking for abeut $240,00 this tire! So bring your gifts along or if
you havec no transport contact any menber of the cormittec for help, No one will
be ermbarrassed if, more than car be sold, is donated, as we cin always arrenge
another night te disposc of the rest - or disnosc of the brass, copper ete.
cecntont fer cash to a scrap dealcer,                            :
      Sceondly whilst we arc on the subjcet of cquipment Bob 7ZRF bought a swag
of Itals and Air Dux coils back frem Hobart with him for sale cn behalf of the
Divisicnal Equiprent Store,   No doubt he will fetch this to the m cting or at
least a 1list frequency and ceoil sizes, Bob can be contacted by phone if you haves
o URGENT NLED for eithcr items,     But do turn up on June ©th, We likc to sce you
and we do nced your cashi
     Did you note the stir cn a rceent broadcast with respeet of a Hobart weather
report - it certainly encouraged a few rore stations to call in on the 70 metre
call back, Recten Johm 7JV worked 20 stations for his Jubilece Award that dayl
Mlsc notc the BEARDED ONL is causine scme (RM on 160 metrcs after redification
tc his gear, UWhat next will he get up to1(IKW SSB on &M .. the B arded One),
     72GG is still horsing arcund rost nishts on 2 & 6 metres - he found cut
the cother day thet he can get M and M from the sarc rig - wish he weuld tell
me how as I'm locking for a chegp way to get on 67,
     7RR has been sworting a thick 1ip lately .. rosults ¢f a bad cold I'm told
not threcugh blewing his trumpct as cnc character remar-ed,
     Dori't ferget the preposed Golden Jubilec dinncr in Hobart on July 7th,   If
mybody has got any idcas for this night out I'm surc the organisers would
a~oreciate 1t,   The grcatcst help we can all give is to suoport it and attend,
sc organisc your baby sitters, save your biscuits and dust out the Tuxedo,
     Must not forget to ncntflcn Welly's 7ZWX finc prescntation end talk on Slow
Secen T,V, (S.S.T.V.) at the last   meeting,        He ce,r'tainly brought out somc of the
rorc toechnical faccts of the art and olwost convinced us it was no trouble at
211 to get active, Hil
     Robin 7RH still runs his CW classes on Sunday aftcrncen 2,30 np. at his
shack,  These classces are not only for the New Breed, but also for others (like
nysclf) whe arc not conversant with full CW procccdure on the amatcur bands,
      Perscnally I still can't figurc why CW cpcraters can't scend plain English
ingstead of all thesc gquecer abreviations, Perhaps the departrent right scrap
the "English lanpuage™ CW test end then we can learn Egyotian Hyrcgliphics, All
jeking aside Rebin I would like to attend if I could find thoe tine,
      Gucss this is all for this month, S.c¢ you ALL on June 8th together with
your '"Donaticn' at AEB Rocms at High Strcet,

                                                   73s cde 7NR,
                                                                                                         -



                                                                                                                  \‘

                                                                                                                       W
                                                                                                             \C
         b TUP     P;L-L‘.;‘o.;'x)                 .LL‘ii;)J_:;.‘;:L:    to    (:bi.‘.ik'i      L} -.y




        OBLTUARY                            L.J.   Crooks                     VK78


        It 1is with            regret that we have to report the death of
Mr.   Len Crooks,       VL7Bi,            on the      24 th kay.               He            was Patron of
the Tasmanian Division of the «.l.Ase
        One of the 'old timers' of smateur k:idio, Lcn will be
remeibered by many of the older citizens of Launceston for
the excellent programmes he used to broadcast every sunday
on the 200 metre band., His signature tune "Sunday Afternoon'
was eagerly awaited by practically everyone who possessed a
radio in Northern Tasmania                   in the 1920's and early 30's.
        He was keenly interested in every facet of Amateur Radio
and operated on all bands 200 metres through to 432 MHz.                                                               His
shack was always the focal point of local and visiting
Amateurs and his help and advice to those interested in
radio was instrumental in several of todays amateurs                                                     fisst
obtaining their Amateur Licenee.                        He played an active part in
the foundation of the Wireless Institute of Australia and,
until his death,               he retained this interest and was a
life member of the Tasmanian Division.
        Len lived by the Amateur Code as written and published
by that grand "0ld Man" of amateur radio Hiram Percy Maxim,
W1AW,   in the very early days of radio,                                 one of which stated;
            "The amateur is gentlemanly.                                He never knowlingly
            uses      the            air for his   own amusement                      in such a way
            as to lessen the pleasure of others.'
This was Len's policy which he practised right through his
lifetime,   not only in Ham radio ,                        but in his whole way of
living. A true gentleman- one that everyone who has met will
always remember with respect,
        He will be sadly missed by all and,                                   to his family,                           we
extend our deepest sympathy.
                                       Q@ R M
                  BULLETIN OF NORTHERN BRANCHES W. I, A, TAS,              JUNE, 1973

                                                                           PAGE 3

NORTH WESTLRN BRANCHNOTES
     Thirteen members were prccent at our May meeting, How unlucky! It was
agreed that the usunl ragchewing indulged in prior to meetings in future would
be deferred until after the meeting, In other words we propose to start on
time,                                                                  .      :      ~

     Agein members were urged vo attend the annual meeling in Launceston, And
meny did, We agreed that it was nossibly the most interesting meeting ever held.
We conpliment both the Chairman T2d and the deputy Brien for the way in which
they hendled the meeting, Ue a.L.L learned a great deel.

        We wish the new Council every succegs,

     Now for +the story of the month] I recently had reason to visit a certain
supermarket in Devonpert,     To my amazcment I vas accosted by the new proprietors
BRIAN and EDITH, no other nan VK7ZEE, Before     I had *time to regain my composure
my business wad L.ul.z.C"t'd, but I cxplained that it wouldn't work as I can never
find any reedy cosh., TYou will heve gathercd that Brian has left the 0ld job in
radio,                            '

     This brings us w enotiher important matter,    The VK7 Beacon on 2 metres
CK7VE has had to ¢ peimpvel from its location, The above paragraph will explain
whi, and it will oe neceesary to £ind a new hove for it, In the meantime the
opportunity wili be tak “n o wodiiy the neyer ‘o the new call sign VK7RTZ,
Several membere arve lovoivel. 7ZGR pr-ow\h1 the know-how with 7ZBE, 7ZIE and 7ZAR
lending a helping hend.       tooe B of work is dnvolved as it 1is electronic.
To moralise - you'll :            thc uater till the well rewns dry!
            e woullLl                 beacon till its gonel OED

      Some personci         [ [orecast sove new nf »igs in the area shortly from
remarks heard on the alr,
7ZRS was heard on 2 metros reocatly,      Come again Rayl
7¥S has discovercd that 2 m, is a great ragchew bandi
Several local beys are showing in tcu,ox in c.w, énd could stag‘e a comeback
shortly. DMore CR]                                                         ,      ,
Ais my last notes wore mau"_LdL\ud in the printing with QI‘Ole results, I haven't
a typlng mcnlno so thnese are printed, Hope it works outl
                                                        CUL,

                                    1\1(3("\1(41"\7 CRAK



                                    FOR         SALE
(1) Collins ART.13 iiiotunc Trensritter,         150 watts AM/CW to 813 P.A., 811A
Yodulator, High Level Clipping, N.Odlfled Pre Amp Stage,         Complete with handbook
and professionally Tuilt power supply 1500 Volt & 150MA - $00,00 0.N.O.

(2) G2DAF Recciver Professionally built, Etched front panel 160, €0, 40, 20,
15 and 10 Metre Bands plus 4 additional Channels, 3 Halt Lattice Xtal Filters
2.4 Kc @ 6db, 3,7 Kec @ 60db Baddwidth, SSB/AM Detectors, Motor tuning,
Eddystone Dial ete, ete, - $i50.00 0.V,0,

                                                D, il SLOWAN VK7iS
                                                    GLET BROOK™
                                                        BASS HIGHWAY
                                                             SPREYTON....7310
                                     SUTLETTY OF VCRTLY B CHes W, 1.4, Tis,                                               Ju, 1977



                  Times are for the closest .S and S-N passes for cach day, Other passcs
             cen be heard 1 hr, 55 min., earlicr and later with 20 degrees less or greater,
             For those without a Celculater add 1 hr, 42 nin, to give the centre of a pass fer
             A1(Z time) and 1 hr, 12 min, for PM(Z tire),   The satcllite should be heard for
             20 minutes centred on thesc tircs,

e   e o ot 2 g eSy   S        o   APt     AR   1 1+l i o0 5wt 4B   T   2 A          Sl A            <AR      -+                            —————



     DLTE            ORBIT        DATE         ORBIT        TIME Z           oW    DATE         ORBIT        DATE         ORBIT   TIMEZ   oV
S eo eo g



    Junc 1           2864         ng,7         3703         0953             191 Junc 23           3140           fug.29 3979 1031        206
         1             70             7          09         2103             004      23             46               29   85   2201      018
         2             77             8          16         1028             205      24,            52               30   91   0931      191
         2             83             8          22         2158             018      2/,            58               30   97   2101      003
         3             &              9          28         0928             190      25             65               31   4004 1026      205
         3             95             9          34         2058             003      25             70               31   09   2156      017
         4           2202            10          41         1023             204      26             77           Sep.1    16   0926      190
         4             08            10          47         2153             016      26             83               1    22   20 56     002
         5             14            11          53         0923             189      27             20               2    2    1021      203
            5            L0          11           59        2053             001          27        96               2     35     2151    016
            6            27          12           66        1017             203          28      3202               3     41     0921    187
            6            33          12           72        2148             015          28      07                 3     46     2051    001
            7             )          13           78        0918             188          29         15              4,    54     1016    202
            7            45          13           84        2048             000          29         20              4,    50     2146    015
            8            52          14          91         1013         201      30                 27              5     66   0916      187
            8            58          14          97         2143         014       30                33              5     7 2 20456      000
            9            64,         15        3803         0913          186 Jul, 1                 40              6     79   1011      205
           9             70          15           09        2043             359           1         46              6     85   2141      013
          10             76          16           15        1008             200           2         52              7     91   0911      186
          10             82          16           21        2138             012           2         58              7     97   2041      3528
          11             90          17          2          1102             214           3         65              g     4104 1006      200
          11             95          17          34         2037             357           3         71              8     10   2136      012
           12        3002            18          41         1002             199           4,        78              9     17     1101    213
          12             07          18          46         2132             011           4            83           9     22     2036    357
          13             15          19           5,        1057             212           5        90              10     2      1000    198
          13             20          19           59        203              356           5         96             10     35     2130    011
          14             27          20           66        0957             198           6       3303             11     42     1055    212
           14,           32          20           71        2127             010           6        08               11    47     2030    356
          15             40         21           7          1052             210           7            15          12     54     0955    197
          15             45         21            8,        2027             354           7        21              12     60     2125    0710
          16             52         22           91        0952              196           8            28          13     67     1050    211
          16             58          22          97         2122             008           8         33             13     72     2025    355
          17             65         23         3904         1046             210           9        40              14     79     0950    196
          17             70         2            09         2022             353           9         46             14     85     2120    008
            18           77         2/,           16       0947              195          10        53              15     92   1045      210
          18             83         2/            22       2127              007          10        58              15     97   2020      353
          19             20         25            29       1042              208          11        65              16     4204 0945      195
          19             95         25            34       2017              352          11        71              16     10   2115      007
          20         3105           26           41        0941              193          12        78              17     17     1040    208
          20             07         26           46         2111             006          12        83              17     22     20 15   352
          21             15         27           54,        1036             207          13        90              18     29     0940    193
          21             21         27           60         2206             020          13        96              18     35     2110    006
          22             27         28           66        0936              192      14          3403              19     42     1035    207
          22             33         28           72        2106              005       14           09              19     L8     2205    020
                                                                                          15        15              20     54     0935    192
                                                                                          15        21              20     60     2105    005
                                                                                          16        28              21     67     1030    206
                                                                                          16        34              21     73     2200    018
                                                                                          17        40              22     79     0930    191
                                                                                          17        46              22     g5     2100    003
                                                      Q@    R   M

                             BULLETIN OF NORTHERN BRANCHES W,I.A., TAS,                                             JUNE, 1973

                                                                                                                    PAGE 5



DATE     ORBIT   DATE        ORBIT   TIME Z oW                       DATE       ORBIT     DATE     ORBIT                TIMEZ        oW


Jul,18 53        Sep.23 92           1025   205                 fug.1           28        Oct.7 67                 0949              195
    18 59            23 98           2155   017                     1           34            7 73                 2119              008
    19 65            24 4304         0925   190                     2           41            g8 8                 1043              209
    19 71            24 10           2055   002                     2           46            8 85                 2018              353
    20 3478          25 4317         1020   203                     3           53            9 92                 0943              194
    20 84            25 23           2149   016                     3           59            9 97                 2113              006
    21 90            26 29           0919   188                     4L          66           10 4505               1038              208
    21 96            26 35           2049   001                     Lo          71           10 10                 2013              351
    22 3503          27 42           1014   202                     5           78           1 17                  0938              193
    22 10            27 19           2144   015                     5           84           11 23                 2108              005
       23 15            28   54      0914       187                        6    91            12     30                 1033         206
       23 21            28   60      2044   000                            6    97            12     36                 2203         019
       2/ 28            29   67      1009   201
       24 36            2    175     2139   013
       25 40            30   7       0909       186
       25 46         30      85      2030   358
       26 53     Oct, 1      92      1004   200
       26 59          1      97      2134   012
       27 64,            2   4403    0904       185
       27 70             2 09        2034   357
       28 78             3 17        095    190
       28 84             3 23        2129   010
       29 91             4 30        1054   212
       2 96              4 35        202X   355
       30 3603           5 42        0954   167
       30 0%             5   48      2124   009
       31 16             6   55      1049   210
       31 21             6   €0      2024   354

                                            e    e   T . Nt     e eo           e e et e   eA Y3 eA        T,37   . il     .8    .<         8




                                                           Io   G-    Ln



   We ureently require orders for I.G.L. equipment te make up to a ririrun crder.
   Inyone who thinks he has scmething on order nlease confirm with John VK7JV,
   L new item available is a channcl scanncr, this will scan 4 chennels and lock on
   tc the first teo have a signel on it,
                                                       FAIEN I K



   I have just been informed that the ncw Callbock will be out shortly.                                          Also the ARRL
   1973 Hencbock will be available shortly, place your order now and be surc you'll
   have one,      Sce John 7JV,
                                                      37 3 0
                                                      TN RN
                                                             582 3 & .



   The Clwbrocn account nceds beosting end one way of doing that is to have a bottlc
   drive, Joe VK7ZGJ , Phone 443882 end Grahan VK7ZGG , Phone 460455 have volunteercd
   to de the job and will be looking for your bottles, they'll even take beer botitles
   2l theugh they ruch prefer cordial and wilk bottles,   If you have any give then a
   call,                                                '
                                                      FER NINN



  NORM    NR has obvicusly found the Burcau of Meteorology's secrct of forccasting
  weather and likewisc he is just as wnreliablel

                                                           I
                                                           TR N
                                  Q. R. M.,
            BULLLATIN O THO ORTHIRY Z0MIS WIA TAS                             June 73

                                                                              page 6

                      TECHIICAL ARTICLE               =       VXTZBY
 250 1MHZ FRILGUENCY
                   COUL‘I'    -      -        .           :                   PART TU/O


250 lhz. Pre-gcaler
     4 freguency counter provides an exccllent means for amateurs to
sct their crystal-controlled transmittcrs, ete. "on channel™,
Rather than trying to opcratc a counter directly at VAR,o device
called a pre-scaler is cmployed to divide the incoming signal by a
pre-set, usually 10 or 100. Thus, with o divide-by-10 prec-scaler,
a 50 mhz counter can bc uscd to 300 mhz (provided, of coursc, that
the pre-gcaler has o response of at least 300 mhz. Fairchild hos
reeently introduced an IC vhich includes an input circuit with
cxcellent scnsitivity and emitter coupled logic circuits providing
a division ratio of 10. This dcvice which ig desgignated 95H90DC,
ig rated for operation to 300 mhz, The pre-gecaler circuit is
showm in Tg. 3. L bias voltoge is applicd to the input c1rcu1t
Thlo bias iz set for relisble division by adjusting R1.  Typice
sensitivity at 146 mhz. is .1 mV. Becausc the pru-ucglcr nust worh
ovcr the 30~ to 250 mhz range, on claborate broadband de-coupling
scheme using two RF chokecs and tiro ferritc beads is nceded to
climinate RF from the biag linc., Twro hot carricy diodes (IIP-2800
connected back to back) arc included at the input to prevent the IC
from being danaged by high-lcvel RF voltagce.  The output buffer an
level translator uscs e 2113564 transistor to drive the rest of the
counter., The price of this IC is $16-00 + Sales Tax, while it is
cxpensive, it would be difficult to build o unit costing less from
cither discrete components or IC flip-flops that would deliver the
sane level of performance.




               250MIZ_PRE-SCALR                                        FIG.
                                                                          3
    rfc 1,2    ferrite beads  .
    rfc 3,4    ferrite bead wound with 15 turns 34 B+S
                                                      TR 1       2n356L
                                                      D1,D2 HP-2800




                                                                           o+
                                                                            S VolT



                                                              ——oc02



                                              Séoo| l                         ?u 95+ 90 l
                                                                               {

                                     -            »                    '       ToPView
                                         Q. R. M.
                       BULLETIN OF THE NORII RN ZOWES TIA TLS                      June 73

                                                                                   page 7

                                        TECIICLL ARTICLE        (Cont)...

20 Ihz,Input Board
       During the testing of this counter it was found that the
gensitivity left something to be desircd. Aftcr many hours of
fiddling and nuch hair pulling, it was found that the lack of
sengitivity was duc to inproper opcration of the IC uscd as the
pulsc shaper, After further fiddling and norc pulling of hoir
(2lmost bald by now!) I decided to throw it avay and start cgain.                                    A
few days later I cpotted an advertiscment in "A.R." advertising a 50
nhz Counter Kit.  The company was Yunkcr Elcctronics and they were
sclling the input board scparatcly for $15-00, so being o lazy bloke
at hcart, we bought onc,  The circuit of this 30 mhz input board
appears at Fig. 4. The input amplificr uscs a FET type 215245, The
output of thig amplificr is coupled to the pulse shaper IC, o Tairchild
9582, a high spced ECUL dual D Flip-flop.                              This shaped signel is
then fed to the level translator transistor type 2N4258. The IK Tab
pot is adjusted for proper opcration of the anplificr. The spees.
on the input board arc as follows




       Scngitivity                      -       DC to 30 nhz    30nv
       Input Impedance                  -       1 Heg. shunted with 22 pF
       Danmage Qverload                 -       400V RS ot 1 KHZ.
           Pover
         Requirenents                   -       45 Volts at 70 na

                       30 MHZ INPUT BOARD                                   FIG. 4
                             =e         .
                                                                            e                + 5vG




                                                                                                 \Z D3
            470 PF                                          7
   G
  I~       2% K          .          +
                                                                                   p—                    ourt
                              -3,                                 %% |         /o PF
   1 MEG          ,,          \    2 <—7fl/oo ?F                         -    220                     220 L.


             -                              =                   /o K               "



                  t5Y              5Kk           Ik    gy L
             '                      7                                              BoTTom WEWS
             E??582                 ]                                              B         s
              /                     g                                        € @C           o(4
                         11,D2-18659                                          TR2            TR
                             D3    -1N4448
                             TR1   =2N5245
                             TR2   =-2N4258