QRM
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,_
i·
the North, North West and
Branches of the Wireless Institute
Tasmanian Division.
P.O. BOX 275
LAUNCESTON
Registered for Posting TAB. - 7250
as a Publication,
Category B.
price 40t
,
- 8.00 p»»
- SES Rooms Melville Street, 7.45 p»m»
6 June - Clubrooms 34 Bourke Street, 7.30 p.m-
8 June penguin High School,
12 Jµne ~~
9 A Spectrum Scanner
2 For Sale
10 New Call Sign Issueing
11 Hone Colur Film
3 ory Processing
12 - Weller Soldering Guide
(Ad) 13 - Southern Notes
State Council Notes
1l.\- - State Council Notes
...--... 15 -~~ichbls6n File Guide
16 - VK Electronics (Ad)
7
s (Ad)
2
QRM JUNE 1979
QRM COMMENT
To set the record straight, the May issue of° QRM was published withor'
t;he notes from the Southern Scribe only because they were received t.
late. QRM was in the hands of the printer and the format was set.
QRM's format takes_shape_as articles are received and by the 2Oth
(WHICH IS THE DEADLINE FOR ARTICLES) it is just about ready for
printing. It goes to the printer on the 21st or 22nd and could be
there a few days until it can be fitted in for printing. There is
always or usually ".filler spaces" of a few lines and these can be
utilised up until the minute QRM is actually printed, However to add
articles which take up more than filler space is just not practicable.
QRM is set to 14 pages (7 both sides) and. the sooner articles are
received the more likely they will be published. Holding off to the
last minute doesnt mean that the article will be published as the
format of 1 pages could be filled, or more if necessary.
This comment is directed at the Northern Knockers (gossip is fast) who
dont want QRM except when it suits them. Its to bad the Knockers
would'nt put some action where their mouth is by helping to collate,
staple, fold, label or supply articles to QRM, but I suppose one cant
expect miracles.
73 de VK 7 HE
J.D. ELECTRONICS
64 Wentworth Street,
NEWSTEAD
Suppliers of Yaesu Amateur equipment, Test Gear and all
Accessories. Antennae and Fittings. Novices check
u now for a really good deaf.
NEW STATIONS
VK 7 NED K.J. DAVIS as listed in May issue should read VK 7 NKD
.J. DAVIS. Address is as listed.
,.....__Looinis-Wa.rd Aerial Conduction Telegraph
19th century thoughts on broadcasting were not limited to land line
<,:i:;perimentation. on April 30, 1872, Willia'!! Henry 'Ward of Auburn
Na'll York, received a patent for a telegraphic tower (No. 126356) tlle.t
might be said to embody_the earliest conception of transmitting signals
by wireless from a single antenna to a multiplicity of receivan
aerials In the wording of the paten>
Different towers may be erected on tbe different continents, and
if they are all wha,t is tecbnically,called hooked'on - that is to
say. connected to the earth - a signal given at one tower will be
repeated at all the towers, they being connected with each other
by the aerial current.
li@ mention of the telephone, a! course, at this early date. However,.
~ "ord of caution should be mentioned here. The "wireless" system
\!ascribed is that of conduction transmission, a technique developed
by telegraph engineers after 1838 when it was discovered that two
wires were not necessary to complete a circuit. One could be elillli11""
ated and a return made through the ground, All sorts of intriguing
possibilities were then thought of, including the idea of communieatiaw
across bodies of water, The p;:,rticular technique which Ward envis-
ioned involved the elimination of both wires, the use of the grouud
and bodies of water as a substitute for one wire and the •conduetillS
atmosphere" in pJ,.ace of the other wire. '];he inspiration for comm.,.
ll!licating through the atmosphere in this manner appears to have devel-
oped from observations of the effect of the aurora borealis on tele-
graph lines. Auroral storms created all sorts of havoc on domestic
telegraph circuits including the freak aoility to send messages_over
wire line with induced currents, entirely eliminating the need :ror
batteries If such electricity in the µpper atmosphere could be
harnessed, what a tremendoµs boon for global communications! We have
no evidence however, thet 'Nard a,CtuaUY built a tower (which, by the
way, looks in the patent applica,tion dre.wing very much like a modern
' §p~ce-s'ltellite communicatiOns antenna in Andover, Maine - although
of course, operating on entirely di!ferent principles) and conducted
experiments. ward was princ:i,.pallY an independent inventor in mech•
anical technology with a concentration in railway ear coupling
devices However, during the 1850s and 60s be developed a rather
sophisticated semaphore signally system tor maritime communication,
and published a book describing his coded symbols in some detail.
!lometime during this period he appears to have made the acquaintance
@f' Ma.hlon Loomis and possibly was influenced by the latters thoughts
§'.@. 'conduction communication. Loomis' thoughts on wireless tra.ns-
mission date baclc to the great auroral stor of 1859 which was part-
icularly vexin to telegraph operators in the Northeast United States.
Loomis seems to };lave con.ducted several tests in the Blue Ridge and
Catoctin mountain ranges of Virginia and Maryland in the 1866-72
period but a detailed account of the equipment used and persons
present is lacking. However he obtained considerable support _in
ijt>,n,.gress and probably would nave received an appropriation had not
tile financial panic o£ 1873 struck. The most important question, of
E>@\ll'se. from the engineering point of view, is whether the Laomis-lllard.
system could have worked in terms of the design theory assigned to it.
The answer is "no," with the qualification that under certain unusual
conditions in the ionosphere, some deflection of the receiving galv-
anometer might be noticed. what is more likely is that Loomis radiated
some electromagnetic energy from discharges of atmospheric elec.trioi'ty
at the transmission end. Ag&sin, fi:;-m evidence is not at hand. Loomis
was granted a patent for his system July 30, 1872.
de Jim VK 7 NOW:
4 QRM JUNE 1979
SCENE & HEARD
First of all for this month, a real DX find, Mongolia. Yes, Radio
Ulan Bator was logged on 4765khz at about 1400Z with a tuning call --
an identification announcements before commencing its programmes in
I assume to be Mongolian. Its tuning signal is very similar to that
of radio Peking and it tallies to that I have in the World Radio
Handbook. The same source gives the information that they are
utilizing 50 KW on that frequency. In about two decades of SWLing
it is the first time I have logged-Mongolia. Its SINPO level was fair
to poor - 33232.
Here are some more 60 metre band loggings. Radio Sutatenza in Bogota
Columbia can be heard consistently here at about 1100Z. The broad-
casts from this commercial station are in Spanish on 5095 khz. There
are some key cliks from a nearby RTTY station about 5khz higher.
Radio - Republic Indonesia from Ujang Padang in the Celebes is now on
4740khz·formely 4719khz. It can be heard about 1400Z from this 50KW
facility serving Western Indonesia. SINPO 54243.
Apparently I have raised a hornets nest because I have included various
PTP and commercial links and their frequencies, ie their publication.
It is not my intention to divulge their traffic as that is not ethic
nor is it legal, but only to help the serious SWL and DXer to find
various 'rare' countries and to assist in propogation predictions
for the operator/listener All of the listings used can be found in
world Radio Handbook and in SWL and Amateur Radio Magazines. 7
Apparently there is a clause in the Wireless Telegraphy Act that
prohibits the reception of signals without a licence. Domestic radio
and television licences for receivers were abolished a few years back,
but according to what is in the Act you would need a licence to receive
the BBC or even Radio Australia, to listen to 2 metre repeaters or
GB. Even an Amateur who is working split frequency on 80 and 40 M
are not licenced to receive Stateside Ops on their phone bands and
work them, for the licence says-we can only work stations on the
·frequencies allocated,
Until this point is clarified, I will refrain from listeningto PTP or
Commercial services frequencies. As this condition would apply to
the listening of Amateur Services logged and heard, and I would be
technically preaching the terms of the Wireless Telegraphy Act. So
perhaps this column, even to uninnocous listening of Radio Australia
is in total breach of this Act and therefore would conceivably have t
cease. So what do you think?
·,:,-
'-
I also have had comments of why do we have to have a SWL Column in an
Amateur Radio Bulletin. (THE KNOCKERS STRIKE AGAIN - Editor).
There are many Amateurs who can testify to their interest in elect-
ronics and Amateur Radio being awakened by earwigging on the bands.
I also feel that those who have been SWL's make better ops because
they do_know their on-air proceedure. IF ONLY SOME NEW OPERATORS
TODAY WOULD LISTEN BEFORE THEY TRANSMIT.
So much for my particular hobby - horse of the moment.
LATE NEWS: The BBC advised me that they have started broadcasting
again on 11 metres to Asia and Australia. It is on the air from
04002 on 25650kh2.
Correspondent will be reporting next
11 until month, when your Intrepid
from the Northe:Pn Hemisphere.
73 de 'Earwig'
5
JUNE 1979
G-Ey1, sT·o . 1
1'
- Iv
RADIO SALES & SERVICE
'fWO \VAY 40 LAVENDER GROV
YOUR LOCAL VICOM AGENT PO BOX 1_311
Phone4 43882
LA LJNCESTON 7250
your next purchase. TAS
,Jon,tact us
FOR ;::;ALE.
Rl Communication Receiver 285.00
M~g:ria Base c.:a. Aerials Ideal to convert to either 28.T✓iliz or
6.etres only /8.50 each
Yaesu FTDXAG exc. cond. has GP-400 speaker PTf mic. and
"agnum o" speech processor 550.00
aesu FT2 £ 4Hz coverage and callibrator only 500.CO
~RIEU FT22C with repeater crystal $400.00
9 foot fibre glass whips complete with base 29.50
Heathkit Distributer
.,..-=n Rtock CANT1NNA a must for every shack. 'I1his is a 50 ohm
icad placed inside a large paint tin capable of one Kilowatt input •
VSTR. less than I.5 to iup to 300 MEz.
Coax witch Four position with aerial crounding facility. 24.50
Trite or phone for catalogue covering the vast range of HEATEKI'.I'
uquipment available.
VHF. NOTE>of ix meter activity appears to have passed as I have
The peak
not had a contact outside VK7 this month, although the northern
area of Australia and t.'J Land still. have_ so1ne openings usually
of a eelend when there are more amateurs about
Going back to 24th last month I was working in the workshop
when I heard W6XJ call on 28. 885 MHz no one replied so I gave
him a calla He suggested that we might try six metres as the
It television was very strong. I asked him to send some C.W. on
52.050 and to my amazement the S meter read S5on carrier,I picked
up the mike and exchanged 5/5 5/9 report with him. Following
/h~t I was called by K6JY0 then WB6IMV. I tllen called on repeater 8
but received no reply, followin this I rang Col VK7LZ Col heard
Garry 'G6J but no contact was made.
~tnce then the band has been open on several occasions mainly
to JA area with the best day being the 24 th April when the
band was open mostof the day. Garry HLSTG we.heard for over
five hours working into VK. One station in VK5 had over 100 contacts
into
r;);fi,$,t JA.area. •
is all the news I have for tbis month if you wish to have
anything of interest included in these notes please send them
to'P.0. 3CI.III_ Launceston 7250
73 Till next month
Joe Gelston
V'K,?JG
JGTTINGS
: ~ .....-- ..,_.
Robin VK 7 RH leaves on Sunday 27th May for a tour of England and
'
who knows where. Robin is expected to return about the 15th of
~A\\gust (unless we can move the Island) .. Have a good time Rob ..
~~~ Kirkman got his Z Call and David VK 7 ZDB his Full Call. Word
is that Robert Harper passed his Novice.
6 JUNE 1979
NORTHERN BRANCH NOTES
The highlight of the May monthly meeting was a report on Federal from'--..,,
Peter VK 7 PP. 64% of licencees in VK 7 are members of the W.I.A ..
There are 184 Full, 94 Z and 50 Novices, making a total or 328. (QRM
goes to 67 NW, 124 South, 53 Launceston and 26 other than post code
7250 as well as 14 interstate). There were 2100 increase of licences
in Australia last year.
A typewriter was obtained and is in use. Lucy VK 7 NSB raised the
matter of the club obtaining equipment for use on field days and WICEN.
The first items to be obtained will be portable masts and antennas.
Joe VK 7 JG is conducting a WIGEN exercise on Sunday the 20th. Results
will be notified next month. The meeting adjourned around 2140 hrs
for supper and chatter.
It is proposed to hold a TRADE TABLE at next months meeting so bring
;:;o'nething along as your donation, it does' nt have to be radio gear or
components ..
QRM Library .file is short o:f the fallowing issues and anyone who
<'.an provide a copy please bring it to the next meeting or post to
PC Box 275 Launceston.
Apr Vol 7 No 10 Mar 78
Aug Vo1 8.No 4 Ju1 78
Me.r Vo1 8 No 5 Aug 78
Feb Vol 8 No 7 Oct 78
Vo1 6 No 12 Apr 77 Vol 9 -No 1 Apr 79
'A Progress:i.vaDinner will be held by the Northern Branch on Saturday
June commencing at 6:30 p.m. at a cost of $6.00 per head. Money
ed will be used to help defray expenses at our Tasmanian Amateur
o Convention being hosted by the Northern Branch this year.
,)gressive dinner will commence at the QTH of Bob (VK 7 ZRF) and
Pargaret Grant, 15 Old 3ridge Road, Perth with pre-dinner drinks and _
appetizers= from there to Kevin (VK 7 ZAH) and Judith Henricks,
Clarendon Street, Young;town - the main course will be at Ed (VK 7 HE)
and N20eleen Hewens, 43 Faulkner Road, Ravenswood with sweets and coffee
at Brian (VK 7 ZBY) and Dianne Yeoman's QTH 1O4 Hardwick Street,
Summerhill
Ladies Committee will hold there meeting at Annettces, 111 New
world Avenue, at 8 pm Tuesday 19 June. Would all the Ladies please
make an effort to attend and if you have'nt attended a Ladies Meeting
uow is the time to make yourself known and meet the others,
QRM
JUNE 1979
dace are on hand at the Bureau for the folioing, a lots of which have be4a
held for some time and which I woul.d like to get rid or. A self addressed stamped.
envel.open or • oail at the Bureau ,d.ll make sure they are not dest,ored on 30th Juret
VK'fAP BI EM DH D EJ FB GJ HJ LL JD Jli LS NL PH RZ NAA NAO NVL
Z14 ZRO ZZ2 L70107
You have to feel sorry for the OH 'Who recently forwarded seven cards direct
to the Bw:-eeu. Six of these were for stations I've never heard of and the other for
a legitimate Vi:7 'Who does not QL. The OH wiil not have aver, good opinion of
the VKs hen he doesn't get any in repl..y.
Heard on the bands recently One Novice tli another ditto "Sorry I can't
g1.ve you • report as this set does not have en •s• Meter• Woll I l '! Mekea 701l
"WOnder no~ ~e ever managed in the not very distant past betore
11 S11 meters came into use.
packet or 25.1- oard• received from an over•••• Bureau inoJ.uded only 't
for VK7P the rest being for ail other VK D1Visions and had to be rorwrded on.
Included ~~re 94 reports from one SL
sm~ely the biggest optimist I've heard of woul.d be the European SWL \ft\O
forwarded a report together 'With self addressed airmail envelope but uo return
postage 11
T3 is an o.ld time land line telegraphists abbreviation for Best Wishe~ or
11
Best Rega1"<ls". Adding an II s" makes it "Best Regards's - hardly correct. Nor is
11
Best '73s', The same applies to 8
Some of the more interesting -cards -rec~ived at the Bureau late.1.y were
FR/BE, J284G, F5II/am and 64QQ/m (en route to Glippertn Is.), VK9Yi, PIM»
HH6JFL/Kare, VP5SDA and GEAR.
73 de VK 7 CH
AA Signal Generator - VG Condx $50.00 Second hand TH6DXX Beam with
Balun $150.00 6 Metre Hy-Gain 64B 4 El Yagi 12db gain $60.00 (unused)
Kleinsmidt KSR-Teletype printer, reperforator, tape sender, all
together - works off any voltage - 115 transformer supplied - tape
and•paper $200.00 Yaesu FT 221 2 metre all mode rig with separate
digital readout $500.00 John VK 7 CCC phone 003-918295
BC221AE Frequency meter mains operated $25.00 KW Viceroy transmitter
MK III $OOO Ferrocart VTVM & RF Probe $20.00 Dow-key coaxial
relay 6V ace $15.00 Heath SB101 with CW filter P.S.U. and speaker
v.g. cond $250.00 Frank VK 7 BC QTHR
One TS120V. approximately three months old. Please contact V. Jenson
£ 35 widsor Street, Kingston Beach - phone (002) 296687 if you are
interested. The sale price is $525.00
JUNE 1979
A 5A THE QUAORAN LAUNCESTON, TASMANIAN, 7250 P.O. 0X328 - PHONE: 31 7075
UICS
SPECIFICATIONS
• Frequency Range: 144.0 to 148.0 MHz• Mode: SSS (USS, LSB), CW,
AM, FM • Antenna Impedance: 50 ohms • Frequency Stability: Within
±3 kHz during one hour after one minute of warm-up, and within 150 Hz
during any 30 minute period thereafter • Power Consumption: Transmit:
98 Watts (120/220V AC), 4.0A (13.8V DC), Receive (no signal): 48 Watts
(120/220V AC), 1.2A (13.8V DC) • FF Output Power: SSS, FM, CW;
10 Watts, AM; 3 Watts, FM (Low); Approx. 1 Watt e Modulation: SSS;
Balanced modulation, FM; Variable reactance frequency shift; AM; Low
power modulation e Maximum Frequency Deviation(FM): ±5kHze Carri-
er Suppression: Better than 40 dB • Sideband Suppression: Better than
40 dB • Spurious Radiation: Better than -60 dB • Microphone: Low
impedance microphone (500 ohms) o AF Response: 400 to 2,600 Hi
• Repeater Frequency Shift: 600 kHz Sensitivity: SSB and CW; 0.25 Iv
for 10 dB (S+N)/N, AM; 1.0 V for 10 d (S+N)/N, FM; 0.4 uV for 20 dB
noise quieting, 1.0 uV for 30 dB (S+N)/N • Selectivity: SSB, CW and AM;
2.4 kHz/-6 dB, 4.8 kHz/-60 dB, FM: 12 kHz/---6 dB, 24 kHz/--60 dB
• Image Ratio: Better than 70 dB • IF Rejection: Better than 70 dB
• Squelch Sensitivity: 0.25 µV • AF Output Power: 2 Watts/8 ohms load,
with less than 10% distortion • AM Output Impedance: 8 ohms e Dimer
The TS-700SP is the all-mode solid state transceiver that provides you with sions: 278 (10-7/8)W x 124 (4-7/8)H x 370 (12-5/S)D mm (incl,',-.,--"
• Weight: 11 kg (24.4 lbs)
versatility plus over the entire 2 meter band, lt's feature-packed design
puts you on SSB, FM, CW, and AM. The AC and DC power supplies are VFO-700S SPECIFICATION
built in which allows you to operate the TS-700SP just about anywhere.
• Frequency Range: 8.2-9.2 MHz • Frequency Stability: Within 150 Hz
Equipped with a VFO that enables continuous tuning from 144-148 MHz, during 30 minute period after warm-up o Dimensions: 160 (6-5/18/w
the TS 700SP comes complete with built-in digital frequency readout, 123 (4-3/4)H x 200 (7-7/8)0 mm (inch) e Weight: 2.4 kg (5.3 Ibs)
receiver preamplifier, VOX, sdetone, and microphone. # Model name and specifications may change according to destination.
ON ONLY AT THIS LARING PRICE
A $935 NO 835 THA IS RIGHT
A SAV ING OF 31OO.0O
The new TR-7600 (TR-762) is a high-performance 2m FM transceiver
with memory, designed to permit multichannel (800 channel) operation.
Featuring the ability of repeater operation, this transceiver brings you all
the convenience and versatility in both mobile and fixed station operation.
The TR-76OO (TR-7625) h provision for connection of the optional
microprocessor conto! unit, Ek%-76 for added versatility, AC Power
TFH600 (TR-7625) SPEClFICATiONS
Supply c»
PS-6
"Frequency Range: 144.0 to 147.995 MHz "Mode: FM ,. Frequency
Synthesizer: Digital control of phase iocked CO Synthesizer Stability:
Less than ±750 Hz at 25°c No. of Channel: 800 e Operating Tempera-
ture:_ -20 to +50°C e Power Voltage: 11.5V DC to 16.0V DC (13.8V DC
standard) e Grounding: Negative ii Antenna Impedance: son • DC Cur-
rent: Less than 0.5A in receive with no input signal, Less than 3(6)A in HI
AGAIN ONE ONLY PHI UNE' WAS $479 TR 75OO WE HAVE NO OT IESE UNITS
NO SAVE AT OILY $375.0O IN STOCK TO CLAR AT OILY $25O.OO
/AS $29)SAVE $4)
3 ARE PRRARED O PALK DOLLARS ON ANY OF THESE UNIT O FOR ANY ENQUIRIES
FEEL FREE O CWACEEIPHAIR RICK BECKER CR ROCER WOOLLEY
EN ANOE CAN BE ARRANGED
JUN! 1979
QRM 9
A.APE2ARUMLANIER
devioe, buil't from readily available parts enables the VHF Bands
·rrem 40 "" 220 Mhs. to be viewed on an oscilloscope. Instantly it is
poseible to see what band conditions are like by observing distant TV
oh~nntl frtquenoiee~ Also, at a glance, 2 metre activity can be seen
and approp;!;'iate equipment can then be activated.
Briefly a Varicap Tuner (as used in press-button tuned television
~ocoivers) oan be tuned by applying a voltage, determined by a small
potontiom@ti~, one for eaeh channel. The full channel allocation is
UilU~lly OOVijI'ed in two rabges, while the UHF band can be covered in a-
thi:rti!!J It' then by applying a repetitive sweep voltage covering the
oempl@t@ tuning range which is usually O - 30 volts, and with this
also driving the I or Horizontal amplifier of an oscilloscope the bands
CAfi ~@ iWtPt~ Any signals found will bedetected and a voltage prop-
ortional to the signal strength will, if coupled to t.he Y or Vertical
1:mplifi@:r will tHlUSG "pips" on the horizontal trace. Therefore on
FULL 6WEltt~, tithe:r 45 ""' 140 Mb.z. or 140 - 220 Mhz. can be displayed on
Ahc ORO at the ontl time .. A section only of the band can be displayed
Jy 1witohi~~ to ADJUSTABLE SWEEP and setting the CENTRE FREQUENCY and
~WEEP WIDTH-oontroli until the desired section is located and expanded.
-~,,~
SP! CTlU"1
C..R:O. DI SPU Y
UHF HI&H RAND
S'A
TA &J.e C.APE lM SANb
EX.PAN PED
\
~'~
lHSPLA't
a9petrugtie
.& V1.ri~&p 'l'.1un@~ oan be obtained from several suppliers at a reasonable
@Oit, 'l\tlt ~Jnplifier used in the prototype was from a wrecked Philips
monooh~om@ TV ~to@ivers It was re-aligned simply by peaking the
r1l1vant tunid Qireuit~ and adjusting the traps until a narrow band-
width, high gain amplifier was obtained. The video amplifier following
tht dotoeto~ wa1 retained and the output taken from where the sync
separator was fed Layout of the sweep board is not critical. Almost
O.l'cy' ORO OIJi b~ u~od providing it can aoeept exterba.l horizontal drive.
It i fascinating to watch the activity as mainland TV signals fade up
ij\i'ti ef the noise (or grass), the various two-way services busily
oe@up their segments and the strength at which home-station receiving
equipment local oscillators radiate
?3 Winston VK 7 EM
!Qi,Mld
~hann~l SSl\ AM 28.. 015 ... 28.631 Mhz witch 15ke clarifier
outp"t - 1100~00. 240V/2 amp power supply for this unit
VK 7 NAC 003 441584
10 JUNE 1979
CRO
',(,:\RICA P
ruER
30 MHZ
IFA11P
2
y AMP
& PET.
o Low BND
-~----- ✓
HIGH BAND
f'LJLL S.WEl:P
f1D
fM "':> K·
f3CH1
CfUJ
X AMP
RY39
-: 1 .
f.LI.T.
swgEP
w'l,P'l"J.I
BC547
r220p
NEW CALL SIGN~~- ~ISSUING PROCEEDURES
~ - ·- . ..
we have been fortunate in the past in being able to
ircuit" government red tape and have eall signs issued soon
exam r~~n!'.Lts are known. Frequently permission -has been given
rp for tbe use of the call sign prior to the .forwarding of
pap@;PWQr~. This however, is now past history. Due to some
sign 'b.0lders not "playing fair" - not following regulations
:r;,eceipt of their station regulations .. P & Tare now
the book, vis;
a) no exam results will be given via the telephone
b) call signs will not be reserved pending results
c) call signs will not be issued over the phone and not before
levant paperwork is eQmpl.eted,.
example of some thoughtless people ruining advantages for all.
11
Your darkroom can be the laundry or bathroom, even the kitchen,
p:pgvided the XY1 can be convinced of your magic powers .. A require-
ment is ru.nni.ng bot and cold water. (Not Barmainds). Develop a
sequence for yourself and always put your trays and equipment in the
~a,,m~ f?lace it helps wben .fumbling around in almost no light.
1
11
t.......1fqW,, :f:or the
__ _,______ - - "MOD.US
- -
OFERANDI
~ --·- --- --~---
Develcrning th~ tilmt (~lways assuming it has been exposed)
Fing. a Q~mpletely--[~rk place, the bedroom cupboard with the doors
~i,9s~d $erve$ my~purpQ§e$, Load tbe film in the spiral and put it
in the tank and screw the top on (as .for B & W). You can then·switch
on the lights or work in the-daylight. It is assumed that all
chemicals have been mi4ed in aceord.anee with the instructions which
come in all the packs.
The most critical temperature-wise is the developer, try and keep it
within 1 degree either side 0f 37,80 (100F). I achieve this by
pouring 12 oz in a glass jug and sitting it in a bath of hot water
in the stainless steel sink. Stiek tbe thermometer in the jug and
keep an eye on it until its approx ;7 to 380. It helps to put the
ll©i{tl~f? ot 1fl-~~~b, t'iX.et' and stabiliser also in this bath although
temperature for these chemicals ii :r.i.o-where near critical. ,
After developer has reached proper temperature the following functions
should be earried out: -, •
ff Pour the developer into the tank and agitate for 3j minutes.
2 Pour the developer out about 40 seconds before time is up.
:tf yo\! g,r,~ @nly doing 1 f'ilm don't use the developer again
put iJ' g,g;i,.,ng more than one t'ilm it can be retained and reused,
add 5 seeor;i,ds to developing time if reused.,
3 PolJ.+' ble~~:i:l ;into tank next dQ ·not wash in between developer
and bleach) leave for 6% minutes with agitation occasionally.
Wat3h witti Q:rd:i.n1H,'Y r-oom tem:p water for 3/4 minutes.
pqµ:r in fixer and agitate for 6% minutes.
W1:1J,,h ag{i!Pe for minutes.
fQJJ:r in stabiliser and leave for 1¼ minutes.,agitate occasion-
ally.
:NOT:$:. pg. not wash after stat>ili.sin.g, just take ·the !'ilm out of the
a,piJ.J.ije:r and hang to dry in r<>om temperature. The film will have a
milky appearance initially but will dry out to a transparent reddish-
'\:?rowp. ~vqr.~l.l c12l~\'U:'<i When holding the film to a bright light the
colours will be evident but of course in reverse. i.,e. a colour
which should be red will show up in the negative as gr·een, blue will
§11,qw a$ yel.lQW and viee-ve:rs.e. plus the in-between colours.
Mgt;e 2: tche bleach, fixer and ste.b'iiiser wbich has been used oan be
retained and poured back into the bottles for storage and reuse. It
will last for about 6 months_normally in practice. Un-used developer
will last in practice about ;; m.gntha •• althougb the :pamphlets say only
6 weeks.
Assuming the film turned out OK, @.l1,d it shq.ul.d have, we will go on to
the printing process.
(this article by Peter Harrison, :ff. 2 NFM - eont id)
~ ' '
12 QRM • JUNE 1979
WELLER SOLDERING GUIDE
with. Kind Earmis.sion fil__.:the
COOPER _j'QQ]:, GROUP J:,!~ITED~
3. When applying heat, DO ·•··• •• - __ - ---- •
History NOT apply it to the solder. Heat
should be applied to the base
material Le. wires so that they
Soldering is both an art and a b
. ocomesoffioieotlyholtome,the ~
seience. As an art it dates back solder to flow into the joint.
4,000 years. as a science it only
dates back to the turn of the century 4. When the solder has been
Evidence of silver soldering has applied to the joint smoothly slide
been found on vases of as long ago the iron away to leave the joint neat.
as2.000 to 3,000 BC. 'Soft' This is a particularly important point
soldering, with lead and alloys of when using an instant heat
lead has been used in crafts for « ) soldering gun. The trigger should
centuries. L- never be released before the tip has
The use of solder as an alloy of ~ v~~- left the solder joint. Allowing the tip
tin and lead began with the tin can to cool whilst in contact with the
around about 1900. Alloying solder will result in an untidy joint.
precise amounts of tin and lead 5. To avoid joint or wire moving
made joining the metals of tin cans whilst being soldered a soldering
both economical and practical. aid tool can be used. Also blowing
lrn,rease in the knowledge of solder
on the heated solder will speed
alloys and fluxes has paralleled the setting .
Qf0V'{lh q( e,lectronics. Soldering is
. • Mow the most popular method of
making good electrical
connections.
$oldering means the joining of
metals by heat for the purpose of
making something structural, or
a continuous and
path for electricity.
r §tructural assembly can
t by soldering. brazing or
4. dering entails using a 6. On electrical and particularly
low-melting-point alloy, heating itto electronic equipment it may be
a liquid state so it flows on to the necessary to avoid too much heat
base metal being joined and alloys reaching the component being
with it at the surface. Brazing is at soldered. To overcome this, hold the
higher temperatures and with wire from the component with a pair
different alloys and fluxes. Welding of long nosed pliers. They will act as
is at still higher temperatures, where a heat sink and dissipate the heat
the metals are brought to a liquid away from the component.
s\ate and fused together.
The popularity of soldering for 7. Do not apply more solder
electrical connections is born out of , than is required Excess solder can
the relatively low temperature fill up tube sockets, freeze switches
to melt the solder (below and causes short circuits.
. \;)°Q.) thus making tools
and techniques simple and 8. It is advisable to tin wires
before soldering, especially
practical by comparison for both the
technician and the home stranded wire. Twist the strands
handyman together then heat and saturate with
solder.
9. Sweating a joint is easy after
the wires are tinned. Just twist the
Principles of wires together and apply heat. The
Soldering result will be a smooth, electrically
efficient, soldered joint.
Solder is a soft material and
cannot be depetded upon to hold 10. To un-solder a joint apply
• gf metal together by heat and use a soldering aid to
SOE 'Per@fore, a good mechanical separate joint. Be sure to use new
connection should be made prior to solder when re-soldering.
so!ger!!'!lit Ill ttie case of electrical
wires they should be twisted
• •• • pplying any
ls of joints are
given later inthe booklet.
The various stages of making a
good solder joint are as follows:
1. Ensure that items to be
soldered are perfectly clean. This
• • • th wire wool or fine
wever, just because
a piece of metal looks bright and
clean, it is not necessarily so.
Oxygenoxidises with metals and an
oxide film can quickly form on metal
surface. Flux wi II overcome much of
this but cleaning with alcohol prior
to soldering will ensure against this
corrosion.
2. Make a good mechanical
connectionbefore soldering by
wrapping wires around each other
or around a terminal post.
JUNE 1979 QRM
SOUTHERN NOTES
The Auction/Bingo night held last Saturday night, although a
by relatively few amateurs, made a profit - which monies o o
the slowly increasing building fund. The turn up was rather dis
appointing considering the purpose of the evening; however, the
radio type items listed for auction showed a general trend away
home building and possibly this was one reason for the poor attenc
ance. However, the bingo proved to be very popular and it is
intended to have a bingo night in the future®
The next event on the social calendar is a square dancing night or
Saturday the 7th of July at the Wentworth Special School Hall (pa:c-
of the Howrah Infant School). A Caller has been organised and a ho
supper will be provided. Tickets are available from Judy Boon and
Dorothy Noble at the Western and Eastern shores respectively Cost
is $5.00 per head and $2.50 for school children. It would be
appreciated if tickets could be purchased as early as possible so
we could have some idea of the numbers for atering.
The equipment store has shown a general decline in sales over the
- past few years, and this fall has accelerated this year. The wholt~
idea of equipment store needs a re-think, so ant ideas that amateurr
have on this subject - well, lets hear them~ The Southern Branch
equipment store will be open for business on every Sunday morning
after the broadcast at the home of the equipment officer VK 7 ZTX. $
If you would like the equipment store to stock a particular items
let Lex know. An inventory of·items in stock will hopefully be
published in next month's Q.±.:.
Lionel, VK 7 SL, is to be listed as 'phone contact officer for •
Southern Branch in the next telephone directory. Our thanks go
to Lionel for volunteering for this duty.
The next meeting of the Southern Branch is to be held at S.±.S.
Headquarters on Wednesday the 6th of June. Don't forget the squ
dancing evening - we can promise you a night of fun that you won~·
forget in a hurry, and just think how each step takes us closer to
stepping into our own premises.
73 de Sue Morgan VK 7 ZSU/NSU
STATE COUNCIL NOTES
to the following new members,
John Doran, Moonah VK 7 NEX
Paul Jones, Lindisfarne VK 7
Steven McDonald, Burnie
John Webster, Penguin
Eric Edwards, Burnie
Robert Bailey, Burnie
Perusing the minutes of April's Council meeting showed a list; of
items of inward correspondence. This together with a discussion
Federal Conve:ri,tion i terns meant that the meeting was a marathon -
8 hours in fact
Amongst matters discussed were;
(1) The ammendment of the Articles Association
to allow our membership to increase over 30
P and P have queried the rebroadcast of VHF
repeater identvs on HF broadcasts
14 QRM JUNE 1979
STATE COUNCIL NOTES cont'd
(3) QL Bureau operation - Chas VK 7 CH was present
and reported on its strong financial position
and the aspects of its operation.
(4) The Divisions support of QRM. It was decided to
cover the Northern Branches 1978 loss of $107 and
offered to contribute $1.00 per member to them
for 1979/80.
5) An apparent irregularity in the award of the
Wilkinson Award is to be taken up Federally
(6) Bank balance $1300 - around $500 to be reimbursed
to branches
SONY VIDEOTAPE of ARRL publicity films «HO HAS IT ?2222?
WARC Donation - the Division is about to forward money held for this
purpose. Any further amounts please forward to Box 1010 Launceston
by 16 June or at your next Branch meeting.
wIA has decided to send a second delegate - one reason being that
Australia is one of three countries having Amateurs as an official
delegate. PLEASE HELP.
VK 7 AWARD - a draft set of conditions for this award is soon to be
circulated -- ideas please.
AOCP Examination - the next exam is almost certain to be multi-
choice. It will be advisable to tryone first, If you want a trial
exam one will be held in July.- See'May 'AR' page 42 for details or
contact Reg Emmett VK 7 KK.
Federal Convention - you'll have a short screed in WIA News for
June 'AR' and Branch meetings will have had a report from Peter
Frith VK 7 PR or Reg Emmett VK 7 KK.
a
It was mainly an informative exchange with little contentious
•being discussed. Probably the major output would be from discuss-
ions with Minister for P & T Mr. Staley and Mr. J. ,vilkinson from
P & T. eg stopping the new regulation handbook printing -
reaffirmation of channel O and 5A installation ceasing - the effect-
iveness of our political lobbying.
Contests - what do you think about -
(1) Droppine the Ross Hull Contest
(2) No open section in the RD Contest
3) Separate days for phone and CW in the RD Contest
ie Phone August, CW May.
(4) No home stations in Field Day Contest
(5) The wIA run the westlakes Novice Contest
(6) The presnt VK-L Contest rules.
comments to Council members please.
Next Council Meeting, June 16, 2p.m. at P. Blake VK 7 ZP,
18 Nixon Street, Devenport.
.7.Finishing: The file is cleaned
and sharpened by sand blasting.
The tang is reheated to give
How a file is made strength without brittleness
Files and Rasps have three
distlnguishing features (1) length.
Today various kinds of material, (2)type and (3) cut.
product, finish and working Length: The length of the file is
condition make file development an the distance between the heel (the
industrial science. File manufacture
part of the file where the
involves the study of file steels, file
begins) and the point (or
design and file performance for al I
opposite).
file applications.
Type: This relates to the
1. File Steel: Is cut to length various shapes or styles of files
from various widths, thickness and These are divided from the form of
cross sections such as rectangular,
their cross section into three
square, triangular, round and half geometrical classes: quadrangular.
file has been with man now round. - circular and triangular. These
ior many years and one of the first 2. Rough shaping: The blank sections are in turn subdivided
recordings is in the Bible during the is heated and forged with trip according to their general contour;
reign of King Saul. This would be hammers and rollers to shape the taper, blunt etc. A blunt file
approximately 1090 BC and at that tang and point, also done by maintains its thickness throughout
tine files would have been used for punching on a punch press after its length.
sharpening various types of annealing. Cut: The cut of files is divided,
primitive tools. From the first files with reference to the character of the
3. Annealing: The forged blank
the development and evolution can teeth, into single, double, rasp and
is heated and thencooled slowly
be traced from stone implements to curved, and with reference to the
under controlled conditions to
with teeth running at right coarseness of the teeth, into
soften the steel for tooth cutting and
across the file blank to Bastard, Second Cut and Smooth
to make internal steel structure
t day quality machine Single cut files are often used
uniform.
produced files. with light pressure to produce a
'The first attempt to cut files by 4. Final shaping: The
annealed blanks are ground or smooth surtace finish or to put a
machine was approximately 1490 keen edge on knives, shears, saws
AD-and resulted from an invention milled to produce a surface
necessary for the uniform formation etc.
by Leonardo da Vinci However, the Double Cut are used with
first machine which actually cut files of the teeth
heavier pressure for the fast
was that made by the Frenchman, 5. Forming teeth: The teeth are removal of material
Chopitel in 1750 formed by a rapidly reciprocating Bastard cut is for more stock
At this time files were made chisel that strikes successive biows removal while Second Cut and
mild material and did not on the file. The hardened chisel cuts Smooth are for finishing.
annealing. To produce a into the soft blank displacing and The Rasp cut is a series of
hardened surface various raising the steel into the desired individual teeth produced by a
preparations were used to tooth structure. sharp narrow, punch like chisel. it is
carburize the file teeth. But it was an extremely rough cut and is used
•ntions of such men as primarily on wood, hooves,
Nicholson, Whipple and alurninum and lead
w/ged which provided machines Curved tooth fiies are used to
capable of producing better files 'smooth surfaces primarily in
than those produced by hand.
»
automotive body shops.
'
How to use a
-\- correctly
Filing is an industrial
6. Hardening: The file is then
stroke and pressure
hardened by heating in a molten
lead bath to a predetermined the job. It is essential that you use
the correct file tor the task at hand.
temperature. This is followed by
immersing the file in a quenching Filing action: There are three
solution. This imparts the maximum elemental ways a file can be put to
hardness to the top of the cutting work. They are:
edges. Straight filing: This consists of
pushing the file I
straight ahead or
-- across the
Drawfiling: This consists
grasping the file at each end and
pushing and drawing it across the
workpiece.
Lathefiling:This consists
stroking the file against
revolving in a lathe.
For normal filing, it is advisable
to have the vice at approximately
elbow height, however. when
is a great deal of heavy
better to have the work
lower. If the work is oi fine
delicate nature the work can be
raised to eye level.
For work that could become
damaged in the vice,
pressure, a pair of protectors
of zinc, copper or
should be used between the
workpiece and vice jaws
VK ELECTRONICS PH. 31 1708
57 WEST PARK GROVE BURNIE 7320
KENWOOD OICK Sfll1tTH PR..ot:,ul.T$
T5 - 82.0S $1390 /'l7Cf 11.S. /IINll folU.lt,N l'ALt.. 8or $2o·so
TS - 12.0V $(.2.'!) Inc.I. WII(. ARR.L /tNTE.NNA H - (3001< $ f/•ti
Ts-120S l0ow N£W $TSA L£At>E1{ LbM 315 <!i.D.O. $99·00
SM - 220
AT -2.00 TVNe'R.
Dl<K SMITH ANT. RoTAToP.. $ IS"$
24H Lou Mou KIT $ 7•00
R-300 (OMM. /llS('.
ICK $ TH 4OM#z Fa?v€NY
170Kz To 30z $309
ouwTe KuTeT
\COM
~AIWA VHf' - VHF SWR ~ETER
IC 70/ H.F. TflAN.H.El'leA.
DAIWA DR700S ANT. Ro7To
IC.2.1.S l.M FM
/<;2.11 l.M AU Mol)t;
RAK Mlf>'Y VN iO - IOM btPot.C:
PLEASE WRT Pow€ or CA
~USflefl.A Fr l.M (?.1Nt.o 6 bP.. '1AI N $ 4-,
foR INfoRMArlON ON TH(tE f>llo/)ulrs
I\MTeNNA AM4,2. 15-10/11 &CA/11 1,ts9
Novtc Mo € (N€w AS) wAA.llANT't ANb AFTcrt AES SRvc€ ow r[crv€as
AVTWORtS.€'l>;,, Vil.OM ~€ALER
INFoR.MATtoN ANA AllVIC€ Ffl.E'f't.Y l!;l'llcN ·-·-·
QRM Publication Postage
Registered Category 'B' Paid
Launceston
MR R·I EMMETT 7250
111 NEW WORLD AVE
TREVALLYN TAS 7250
F 7 00 1 00 VK7KK
Northern Branch W.I.A.
PO BoxI 275 Launceston Tas. 7250